E-Numbers
Simply put, E- numbers are the code numbers used to identify food additives which are officially approved a safe to consume. While additives, liaison with European Union legislation is a must as most additives are acceptable in specific foods with certain quantitative limits. Additives must be assessed for safety before they can be used in food to ensure the science on additives is strictly reviewed, the law strictly enforced, and the action taken where problems are found. Whilst some additives with a common code such as E471, can be either of animal or plant origin and this latter type needs to be investigated on a case-by-case basis per product/ manufacturer. Most of the additives are however suitable. The E-numbers are categorized as follows:
| E100-199 Food colors | E200-299 Preservatives |
| E300-399 Antioxidants, phosphates, and complexing agents | E400-499 Thickeners, gelling agents, phosphates, humectants, emulsifiers |
| E500-599 Salts and related compounds | E600-699 Flavour enhancers |
| E700-899 Not used for food additives (used for feed additives) | E900-999 Surface coating agents, gases, sweeteners |
| E1000-1399 Miscellaneous additives | E1400-1499 Starch derivatives |
Source of data is South African National Halaal Authority
| Code | Name | Alternative Name | Function | Status | Source | Health Info | Uses | Other Uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E100 | Curcurmin | 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione; turmeric yellow; Diferuloylmethane; C.I. 75300 | Colouring | Halaal | Vegetable extract - orange yellow colour. | Health Code: Green, has many beneficial health effects, may cause skin irritation, moderately toxic by injection | Curry powder, fish fingers, margarine, confectionery, processed cheese, savoury rice | |
| E101 | Riboflavin | Lactoflavin, Vitamin B2; Vitamin G | Colouring | Halaal | Microbiological; Synthetic | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, has beneficial effects in the body | Baby cereals, enriched breads, peanut butter, breakfast cereals | Vitamin tablets |
| E101 | Riboflavin | Lactoflavin, Vitamin B2; Vitamin G | Colouring | Halaal | Microbiological; Synthetic | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, has beneficial effects in the body | Baby cereals, enriched breads, peanut butter, breakfast cereals | Vitamin tablets |
| E101(a) | Riboflavin-5'-phosphate | Riboflavin-5-[Sodium phosphate] | Colouring | Halaal | Soluble Riboflavin; Chemical using Riboflavin | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, has beneficial effects in the body | Baby cereals, enriched breads, peanut butter, breakfast cereals | Vitamin tablets |
| E102 | Tartrazine | FD&C Yellow 5; C.I. 19140; C.I. Food Yellow 4; C.I. acid yellow 23; hydrazine yellow | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic | Health Code: Red++, Asthma, hives, dermatitis, headache, hay fever, concentration difficulties, depression, skin rash, learning difficulties, behavioural problems, swelling of lips and tongue, hyperactivity, aggressive behaviour, insomnia, confusion, anaphylaxis, aspiri | Confectionery, sweet corn, cheese crackers, soft drinks, mint sauce, mint jelly, fruit juice cordial, canned peas, marzipan, pickles, brown sauce, packet dessert topping, jams, cereal, packaged soups. | |
| E103 | Chrysoine Resorcinol | Tropaeolin O; C.I. acid orange 6; C.I. food yellow 8; C.I. 14270; Yellow T; tropeolin O; tropaeolin R; gold yellow. | Halaal | Synthetic Colour | ||||
| E104 | Quinoline Yellow | C.I. 47005; C.I. Acid Yellow 3; D&C Yellow No. 10; Food Yellow 13 | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic | Health Code: Red, Asthma, hives, skin rash, hyperactivity, anaphylaxis, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid, carcinogenic | Beverages, processed foods | Cosmetic dye, lipstick, soap, toothpaste, hair products, cologne |
| E105 | Fast Yellow AB | Tropaeolin OO; C.I. acid orange 5; diphenylamine orange; orange GS; Orange N; orange IV; acid yellow D; C.I. 13080. | Halaal | Synthetic chemical | ||||
| E106 | Riboflavin-5-sodium Phosphate | Riboflavin-5-Phosphate sodium salt; Vitamin B2 phosphate sodium salt. | Halaal | From riboflavin and chlorophosphoric acid | ||||
| E107 | Yellow 2G | Food Yellow 5 | Halaal | Synthetic | ||||
| E110 | Sunset Yellow FCF | C.I. 15985; FD&C Yellow 6; C.I. Food Yellow 3 | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic | Health Code: Red++, Asthma, hives, abdominal pain, eczema, hyperactivity, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid, carcinogenic | Fruit juice cordial, marzipan, packet soup, cereal, confectionery, dry drink powder, canned fish | Cosmetics, hair rinses |
| E1103 | Invertase | EC 3.2.1.26; Invertin; saccharase; sucrase | Processing aid | Halaal | Microbiological from yeast | Health Code: Yellow, GM enzymes have been linked to serious health concerns and even death | Confectionery with soft centres | |
| E1105 | Lysozyme | EC 3.2.1.17; lysozyme hydrochloride; muramidase; N-acetyl muramidase; globulin G1; Delvozyme | Preservative | Halaal | From hens egg white | Health Code: Yellow, Chronic headaches, allergic reactions | Cheese preparation | Cosmetics, tablets, lozenges, eye drops |
| E111 | Orange GGN | Alpha-naphthol orange; Orange I; tropaeolin OOO no. 1; C.I. acid orange 20; FD&C orange 1; C.I. 14600 | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | ||||
| E1200 | Polydextrose | Modified polydextroses | Humectant, Stabiliser | Halaal | From Glucose & Sorbitol | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, excess may have a laxative effect, NRC | Low calories foods, yoghurt, custard powder, ice cream, confectionery | |
| E1201 | Polyvinylpyrrolidone | PVP; plasdone; polyvidone; Povidone; Povidone K25; povidone K17; povidone K30; povidone K90. | Clarifying agent, Stabiliser | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical. | Health Code: Red, Lung and kidney damage, gas, tumours, allergic contact dermatitis in sunscreen, skin sensitisation, carcinogenic | Beer, wine and vinegar manufacture | Hairspray and lacquers, shampoo, sunscreen |
| E1202 | Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone | PVPD; crosslinked povidone; cross povidone; insoluble PVP | Clarifying agent | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, see Polyvinylpyrrolidone E1201 | Used to clarify sparkling wine and vinegar | Hairspray |
| E132 | Indigo Carmine | Indigotine; C.I. 73015; FD&C Blue 2; Food Blue 1 | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, Asthma, allergic reactions, hyperactivity, heart problems, NRC, carcinogenic, see Coal Tar | Bottled soft drinks, sweets, biscuits, confectionery, ice cream, bakery products | Hair rinses, dye in kidney function tests, tablets and capsules |
| E133 | Brilliant Blue FCF | C.I. 42090; FD&C Blue 1; Food Blue 2 | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red++, Asthma, hives, hay fever, allergic reactions, NRC, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid, carcinogenic | Gelatine, canned processed peas, soft drinks, dairy products, cereals, cereals, desserts | Toothpaste, cosmetics, hair dye, deodorant |
| E140 | Chlorophyll | C.I. 75810 | Colouring | Halaal | Plants. Check if it contains alcohol | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, cancause a sensitivity to light | Soups, sauces, olive oil, soybean oil | Antiperspirant, deodorant, mouthwash |
| E1400 | Dextrin | Pyrodextrin; torrefaction dextrin | Halaal | Hydrolysis of starch | ||||
| E1401 | Modified Starch | Acid treated starch; acid modified starch | Halaal | Source: acid treatment of starch | ||||
| E1402 | Alkaline Modified Starch | Alkaline treated starch | Halaal | Alkaline treatment of starch | ||||
| E1403 | Bleached Starch | N/A | Halaal | Starch bleached with SO2 or sulfur dioxide | ||||
| E1404 | Oxidised Starch | N/A | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | Food starch oxidised with sodium hypochlorite | Health Code: Yellow, Uncertainities exist about the safety of modified starches especially in infants | Casserolemix, batter mix, confectionery | |
| E122 | Carmoisine | Azorubine; C.I. 14720; carmoisen | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic; not permitted in Norway, Sweden, USA, Japan | Health Code: Red++, Asthma, hyperactivity, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid, animal carcinogen | Confectionery, sweets, Marzipan, brown sauce, jelly crystals | |
| E123 | Amaranth | C.I. 16185; FD&C Red 2; C.I. Acid Red 27; Red No. 2 | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical, not the grain. FD and C Red No2, coal tar and azo dye - not permitted in Norway or USA | Health Code: Red, Hyperactivity, hives, asthma, rhinitis, aspirin sensitive pple may wish to avoid, may affect reproduction, liver, kidneys, birth defects, carcinogenic, teratogen | Packet cake mix, packet trifle mix, jelly crystals, cereal, soft drinks, blackcurrant products | Lipstick, rouge and other cosmetics |
| E124 | Ponceau 4R | C.I. 16255 | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, Asthma, hay fever, hives, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid, hyperactivity, carcinogenic | Packet trifle mix, jelly crystals, jam, packet cake mix, dessert toppings, tomato soup | |
| E125 | Ponceau SX | Scarlet GN; FD&C Red No. 4; C.I. Food Red 1; C.I. 14700 | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | ||||
| E126 | Ponceau 6R | C.I. 16250; C.I. food red 8; Crystal ponceau 6R; Crystal scarlet; Brilliant crystal scarlet 6R; Acid Red 44 | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | ||||
| E127 | Erythrosine | C.I. 45430; FD&C Red 3; C.I. Food Red 14; C.I. Acid Red 51 | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, Asthma, hyperactivity, learning difficulties, light sensitivity, may affect liver, heart, thyroid, reproduction, stomach, carcinogenic | Canned fruit cocktail, biscuits, glace cherries, packet trifle mix, canned red cherries, mar-aschino cherries, sausage casings | Toothpaste, dental disclosing tablets, rouge, medications |
| E128 | Red 2G | C.I. 18050 | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, Asthma, gastrointestinal symptoms, angioedema, hyperactivity, chronic hives, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid, carcinogenic | Cooked meat products, burger meats, sausages | |
| E129 | Allura Red AC | C.I. 16035; Food Red 17; FD&C Red 40 | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, asthma, hyperactivity, allergic reactions, hay fever, hives, aspirin, sensitive people may wish to avoid, adverse reproductive effects in animals, carcinogenic | Packet cake mix, packet trifle mix, jelly crystals, cereals, chocolate biscuits | Cosmetics, lipstick, medications |
| E130 | Indanthrene Blue RS | C.I. vat blue 4; carbon paper blue; blue O; carbanthrene blue 2R; fenan blue RSN; graphtol blue RL; medium blue; monolite fast blue 3R; indanthrene; indanthrone; pigment blue 60; or C.I. 69800 | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | ||||
| E131 | Patent Blue V | C.I. 42051 | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, Asthma, gastrointestinal symptoms, anaphylaxis, hives, hyperactivity, allergic reaction, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid | Scotch eggs? | Medical diagnostic dye |
| E141 | Copper phaeophytins | C.I. 75810; Copper complexes of Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllins | Colouring | Halaal | Chlorophyll | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Soup, sauce, natural fruits in liquid | |
| E1410 | Monostarch Phosphate | N/A | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | Esterification of food starches with phosphates | Health Code: Yellow, Uncertainities exist about the safety of modified starches especially in infants | Various foods | |
| E1412 | Distarch Phosphate | N/A | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | Esterification of food starches with phosphates. | Health Code: Yellow, Uncertatinities exist about the safety of modified starches especially in infants | Fruit pie fillings, instant puddings, instant desserts, sauces, soup mix | Cosmetics, water softener |
| E1413 | Phoshated Distarch Phosphate | N/A | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | From E1410 & E1413 | Health Code: Yellow, Uncertainities exist about the safety of modified starches especially in infants | Flavoured yoghurt, ice cream, canned foods for infants | |
| E1414 | Acetylated Distarch Phosphate | N/A | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | Esterification of food starches with phosphates & acetates | Health Code: Yellow, Uncertainities exist about the safety of modified starches especially in infants | Sauce, pickles, yoghurt, dry cake mix, canned fruits, pie fillings | |
| E142 | Green S | Acid Brilliant Green; Food Green S; Lissamine Green; C.I. 44090 | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, Hyperactivity, asthma, skin rashes, insomnia, see Coal Tar | Canned peas, mint sauce, packet cheesecake mix | Textile industry |
| E1420 | Acetylated Starch | Starch acetate | Thickener, Vegetable gum | Halaal | Esterification of food starches with acetates | Health Code: Yellow, Uncertatinities exist about the safety of modified starches especially in infants | Sauces, chutney, desserts, baked products, confectionery | |
| E1421 | Acetylated Starch | Monostarch Acetate | Halaal | Starch modified with vinyl acetate | ||||
| E1422 | Acetylated Distarch Adipate | N/A | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | Esterification of food starches with adipic anhydride & acetic anhydride | Health Code: Yellow, Uncertatinities exist about the safety of modified starches especially in infants | Sauces, pickles, yoghurt, dry cake, mix, canned fruits, pie fillings | |
| E143 | Fast Green FCF | Food green 3; FD&C Green No. 3; Green 1724; Solid Green FCF; C.I. 42053 | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | ||||
| E1440 | Hydroxypropyl Starch | N/A | Thickener, Vegetable gum | Halaal | Esterification of food starches with propylene oxide | Health Code: Yellow, Uncertainities exist about the safety of modified starches especially in infants | Sauces, pickles, yoghurt, dry cake mix, canned fruits, pie fillings | |
| E1442 | Hydroxypropyl Distarch Phosphate | N/A | Thickener, Emulsifier | Halaal | Esterification of food starches with phosphates & propylene oxide | Health Code: Yellow, Uncertainities exist about the safety of modified starches especially in infants | Canned soups, frozen desserts, sauces, cake mix | |
| E1450 | Starch Sodium Octenyl Succinate | SSOS | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | Esterification of food starches with octenyl succinic anhydride | Health Code: Yellow, Uncertainities exist about the safety of modified starches especially in infants | Essence, salad dressing, beverage whitener | |
| E1451 | Acetylated Oxidised Starch | N/A | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | Esterification of food starches with phosphates & acetates | Health Code: Yellow, Uncertatinities exist about the safety of modified starches especially in infants | Canned food for infants and young children, confectionery | |
| E150 | Caramel Colour (Sulphite Ammonia) | N/A | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Yellow, Hyperactivity, soft to liquid stools & increased bowel movements, blood toxicity in rats, inhibits metabolism of B6 in rabbits, serious doubts exist on safety | Stout, cola drinks, chocolate, gravy browning, jams, confectionery | |
| E150(a) | Caramel Colour (Plain-Spirit) | N/A | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Yellow, Gastrointestinal problems, needs to be tested for mutagenic, teratogenic, subacute and reproductive effects | Brown bread, cola drinks, chocolate, ice cream, jams, sweets | |
| E150(b) | Caramel Colour (Caustic Sulphite) | N/A | Colouring, Flavouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Yellow, Hyperactivity, may affect liver, stomach problems | Whisky, brandy, ice cream | |
| E150(c) | Caramel Colour (Ammonia) | N/A | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, Hyperactivity, may affect liver, stomach, reproduction, caused convulsions in some animal tests, blood toxicity in rats | Soy sauce, oyster sauce, biscuits, jams, dark bread, pickles, chocolate, coatings | |
| E150(d) | Sulphite Ammonia Caramel | Halaal | ||||||
| E1505 | Triethyl Citrate | Ethyl citrate; citric acid ethyl ester. | Thickener, Sequestrant | Halaal | Triethyl ester of citric acid | Health Code: Green, Can provoke symptoms in those who react to MSG, citrates may interfere with the results of laboratory tests for blood, liver and pancreatic function | Processed egg whites, smoke flavour | Nail polish, perfume base |
| E151 | Black PN | Brilliant Black PN; C.I. 28440 | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red++, asthma, hyperactivity, may affect kidneys, stomach, NRC, carcinogenic | Blackcurrant cake mix, brown sauce, eggnog, drinking yoghurt | |
| E1519 | Benzyl Alcohol | Benzenemethanol; phenylcarbinol; phenylmethanol; alpha-hydroxy toluene | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | ||||
| E152 | Black 7984 | Food Black 2; C.I. 27755 | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | ||||
| E1520 | Propylene Glycol | 1,2-Propanediol; methyl glycol; 1,2-dihydroxypropane; Propan-1,2-diol | Humectant, Solvent | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, Contact dermatitis, lactic acidosis, dry skin, respiratory, immuno- and neurotoxicity, CNS depression and kidney damage in animals | Confectionery, baked goods, chocolate products, sweetened coconut, toppings | Suntan lotion, toothpaste, lipstick, baby lotion, pesticides, antifreeze |
| E154 | Brown FK | Kipper Brown; Food Brown | Colouring | Halaal | ixture of synthetic dyes | Health Code: Red++, Asthma, allergic reactions, hives, may affect heart, kidneys, liver, thyroid, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid, NRC | Kippers, smoked and cured fish, cooked ham, potato chips | |
| E155 | Brown HT | C.I. 20285; Chocolate Brown HT | Colouring | Halaal | Mixture of synthetic dyes | Health Code: Red++, Asthma, allergic reactions, hives, may affect heart, kidneys, NRC, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid, NRC | Chocolate cake mix, chocolate biscuits | |
| E160(a) | Beta-Carotene | Carotaben; Provatene; Solatene | Colouring | Halaal | Carrots | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels | Margarine, dairy blend, reduced fat spread, cakes, jams, cheese | Cosmetics, animal feed, cigarettes |
| E160(b) | Annatto | Bixin; Norbixin; C.I. 75120; Orlean; Rocou | Colouring | Halaal | Vegetable Dye | Health Code: Red, Anatto may cause irritability and head banging in children, hives, hypotension, pruritis, bixin and norbixin, under-going toxicity testing | Margarine, baked goods, reduced fat spreads, dairy products, breakfast cereals | Fabric dye, soap, varnish, body paints |
| E160(c) | Capsanthin | Capsorubin; Paprika extract; Oleoresin | Colouring | Halaal | Red Pepper | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, may have beneficial effects | Cheese slices, chicken pies, condiments, soup | Poultry feed |
| E160(d) | Lycopene | C.I. 75125 | Colouring | Halaal | Tomato Extract | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, may have beneficial effects on body | Nutritional bars, soups, yoghurt, beverages | |
| E160(e) | beta-apo-8-carotenal | C30; beta-8-apocarotenal | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Cream cheese spread, cheese slices, processed cheese | |
| E160(f) | beta apo-8-carotenoic acid ethyl ester | N/A | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Processed foods | |
| E161(a) | Flavoxanthin | C.I. 75135 | Halaal | Extracted from food; check if it contains oils & fats | ||||
| E161(b) | Lutein | Xanthophyll; C.I. 75135; vegetable luteol; beta-eta-carotene-3,3-diol | Colouring | Halaal | Egg yolk; nettles; algae; & petals of yellow flowers | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels | Processed foods | Animal and poultry feed |
| E161(c) | Cryptoxanthin | C.I. 75135; cryptoxanthol; caricaxanthin; hydroxy-beta-carotene; beta-carotene-3-ol. | Colouring | Halaal | Petals & Berries | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, may have beneficial effects | Cheese slices, chicken pies, condiments, soup | Poultry feed |
| E161(d) | Rubixanthin | C.I. 75135; | Halaal | Hipberries & Flowers | ||||
| E161(e) | Violaxanthin | Violoxanthin; zeanthin diepoxide; C.I. 75315. | Halaal | Yellow Pansies | ||||
| E161(f) | Rhodoxanthin | C.I. 75135 | Halaal | Yew Seeds | ||||
| E161h | Zeaxanthin | Zeaxanthol; anchovyxanthin; §,§-carotene-3,3'-diol | Halaal | Vegatable and mainly Marigold flowers | ||||
| E161i | Citranaxanthin | N/A | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | ||||
| E161j | Astaxanthin | Ovoester; astaxanthine | Halaal | Microalgae | ||||
| E162 | Beetroot Red | Betanin; Betanidin | Colouring | Halaal | Beetroot extract | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, contains nitrates so NRC | Desserts, jellies, jams, liquorice, sweets | Cosmetics |
| E163 | Anthocyanins | Schultz 1394; Schultz 1400 | Colouring | Halaal | grape skin; red cabbage | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, considered to have protective effects in the body | Soft drinks, jams, ice cream, wines, yoghurt, sweets, preserves | Vitamin tablets |
| E170 | Calcium Carbonate | Carbonic acid calcium salt; Kulubrite | Colouring, Firming Agent | Halaal | minerals argonite, calcite & vaterite | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, excess can cause abdominal pain, constipation | Bread, biscuits, confectionery, ice cream, cakes, sweets, canned fruit and vegetables | Cosmetics, face powder, bleaches, vitamin tablets, cigarettes |
| E171 | Titanium Dioxide | C.I. 77891; Unitane | Colouring, Opacifier | Halaal | Mineral | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use, skin contact can cause irritation, limited evidence of cancer in animal studies, see Nanoparticles | Pan sugar coated confectionery, sweets, chewing gum, icing sugar, jam, jellies | Bath powder, face powder, ointment, sunscreen, marker ink, paints |
| E172 | Iron Oxides & Iron Hydroxides | C.I. 77492 (yellow/brown); C.I. 77491 (red); C.I. 77499 (brown) | Colouring | Halaal | Mineral | Health Code: Yellow, Iron is potentially toxic in all forms, excess can lead to increased risk of numerous health conditions | Salmon and shrimp paste or spread, cake and dessert mixes, meat paste | Pet foods, dying egg shells, face powder, eye make-up |
| E173 | Aluminium | C.I. 77000; Aluminum | Colouring | Halaal | Mineral | Health Code: Red, Ingestion or inhalation can aggravate kidney & lung disorders, cardiovascular, reproductive and neurotoxicity, evidence of a link with Alzheimer's, European Parliament said aluminium additives should be banned | External decoration on cakes, etc | Cosmetics, cooking pots and pans, antiperspirant, silver finish to pills and tablets |
| E174 | Silver | C.I. 77820; | Colouring | Halaal | Mineral | Health Code: Yellow, Toxic in very large doses, should not be consumed, accumulates in tissues, argyria (blue grey skin), kidney damage | External decoration on cakes, silver dragees, silver coloured almonds | Cosmetics, nail polish |
| E175 | Gold | C.I. 77480 | Colouring | Halaal | Mineral | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, rare allergic reactions, neutrotoxicity | External decoration on chocolate confectionery | Cosmetics |
| E180 | Pigment Rubine | Lithol Rubine BK; C.I. 15850 | Colouring | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, Asthma, hives, hay fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, insomnia, hyperactivity | Rind on hard cheeses such as Edam | Cosmetics, pharamaceutical preparations |
| E181 | Tannin | Tannic acid; gallotannin; gallotannic acid | Halaal | from nutgall | ||||
| E200 | Sorbic Acid | 2,4-Hexadienoic acid; 2-propenyl-acrylic acid | Preservative, Humectant | Halaal | Berries; Synthetically | Health Code: Yellow, Allergic reactions, asthma, contact dermatitis, erythema, skin irritation, behavioural problems | Frozen pizza, pie fillings, cheese, cheesecake, cheese spread, chocolate syrup | Cosmetics, mouthwash, toothpaste, ointments, dental cream |
| E201 | Sodium Sorbate | N/A | Halaal | Sorbic Acid | ||||
| E202 | Potassium Sorbate | Sorbic acid potassium salt; BB powder | Preservative | Halaal | Sorbic Acid | Health Code: Yellow, Allergic reactions, asthma, skin irritation, behavioural problems | Bread, cheese, baked goods, cheese cake, wine making, chocolate | Cosmetics, cigarettes |
| E203 | Calcium Sorbate | N/A | Preservative | Halaal | Sorbic Acid | Health Code: Yellow, Contact hives, skin irritation, asthma, allergic reactions, behavioural problems | Bread, cheese spread, cottage cheese, soft drinks, chocolate syrup, cheesecake | Ointments, cosmetics |
| E210 | Benzoic acid | Benzene carboxylic acid; phenylformic acid; dracyclic acid | Preservative, Flavoring | Halaal | Synthetic | Health Code: Red++, Asthma, hives, behavioural problems, hyperactivity, may affect lungs, eye and skin irritation, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid, neurotoxicity | Brewed soft drinks, cider, non-dairy dip, chewing gum, fruit juice, margarine, ice cream | Cosmetics, hair rinse, skin cleanser, perfume, pharmaceuticals |
| E211 | Sodium Benzoate | N/A | Preservative | Halaal | Synthesis from Benzoic Acid | Health Code: Red, Asthma, hives, contact dermatitis, hay fever, mouth and skin irritation, hyperactivity, anaphylaxis, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid | Bottled soft drinks, fruit juice, jams, pickles, condiments, baked goods, tomato paste | Toothpaste, eye cream, medical diagnostic aid for liver function |
| E212 | Potassium Benzoate | Benzoic acid potassium salt trihydrate | Preservative | Halaal | Benzoic Acid | Health Code: Red, Asthma, hives, eczema, allergic reactions, gastric irritation, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid | Low joule jams and spreads, chilli paste, glkace cherries | Cosmetics |
| E213 | Calcium Benzoate | Benzoic acid calcium salt trihydrate | Preservative | Halaal | Benzoic Acid | Health Code: Red, Asthma, hives, anaphylaxis, hyperactivity, behavioural problems, eczema, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid, NRC | Brewed soft drinks, non-dairy dip, chewing gum, fruit juice, margarine, ice cream | |
| E214 | Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate | Ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate; Ethylparaben | Preservative | Halaal | Benzoic Acid | Health Code: Red, Asthma, hives, allergic reactions, skin redness, itching and swelling, anaphylaxis | Brewed soft drinks, ice cream, cider non-dairy dip, chewing gum, fruit juice, margarine | Cosmetic products |
| E215 | Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sodium salt | Sodium ethyl para-hydroybenzoate | Preservative | Halaal | Benzoic Acid | Health Code: Red, Asthma, numbness in the mouth, hives, gastric irritation, allergic contact demartitis, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid | ||
| E216 | Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate | propylparaben; n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; propyl para-hydroxybenzoate | Preservative | Halaal | benzoic acid | Health Code: Red, Asthma, hives, allergic reactions, skin redness, itching and swelling, anaphylaxis | Beverages, baked goods, sweets, jellies, preserves, fruit flavourings | Cosmetics, shampoo, foundation cream |
| E217 | Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sodium salt | Sodium n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; Sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate | Preservative | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Red, Asthma, hives, numbness in the mouth, gastric irritation, allergic contact dermatitis, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid | ||
| E218 | Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate | Methyl paraben; Methyl para-hydroxybenzoate | Preservative | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Red, Asthma, hives, allergic reactions, skin redness, itching and swelling, anaphylaxis | Jellies, preserves, jams, baked goods, fruit juices, salad dressings | Cosmetics, skin and hair care products |
| E219 | Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sodium salt | Sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate; Sodium methyl hydroxybenzoate | Preservative | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, Asthma, hives, allergic reactions, skin redness, itching and swelling, anaphylaxis | ||
| E220 | Sulphur Dioxide | Sulfur dioxide; Sulfurous anhydride; sulfurous oxide | Preservative | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, Asthma, broncho spasm, bronchoconstriction, hypotension, anaphylaxis, bronchitis, destroys vitamins A and B1 in food, animal mutagen | Dried fruit, beer, cider, fruit juice, gelatine, wines, pickles, soft drinks, dessicated coconut, vinegar | |
| E221 | Sodium Sulphite | N/A | Preservative | Halaal | Synthetic from sulphurous acid | Health Code: Red, Asthma, gastric irritation, skin rash, nausea, diarrhoea, destroys vitamin B content in food, those with poor liver or kidney function should avoid | Cut fruits, dried fruit, maraschino, cherries, prepared fruit pie mix, frozen apples | |
| E222 | Sodium Hydrogen Sulphite | Sodium bisulphite; acid sodium sulphite | Preservative | Halaal | From sulphurous acid | Health Code: Red, Bronchial asthma, chronic hives, skin irritation, mutagenic | Tomato paste, dried fruit, jams, jellies, fruit juices | Mouthwash, hair dye, wart remover |
| E223 | Sodium Metabisulphite | Disodium pyrosulphite; sodium pyrosulphite | Preservative | Halaal | Synthetic from sulphurous acid | Health Code: Red, Asthma (life threatening attacks), hay fever, chronic hives, atopic dermatitis, harmful to aquatic organisms | Bread and flour products, jellies, dried fruits, tomato paste, maraschino cherries | Hair products, bath preparations, underarm deodorant |
| E224 | Potassium metabisulphite | Potassium pyrosulphite | Preservative, Antioxidant | Halaal | Health Code: Red, Asthma, hives, behavioural problems, gastric irritation, anaphylaxis | Cheese and cheese products, home wine brewing kits | Bleaching straw | |
| E225 | Sodium Sulfite | Sodium Sulphite; Sulfurous acid, disodium salt; Disodium sulfite. | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | ||||
| E226 | Calcium Sulphite | N/A | Preservative, Firming agent | Halaal | From sulphurous acid | Health Code: Red, Asthma, skin irritation, gastric irritation, may affect kidneys, gastro-intestinal tract and liver | Canned fruits and vegetables | Disinfectant, home wine brewing |
| E227 | Calcium Hydrogen Sulphite | Calcium bisulphite solution | Preservative, Firming agent | Halaal | From sulphurous acid | Health Code: Red, Asthma, gastric irritation, may affect liver, kidneys, lungs, stomach | Canned fruits and vegetables | |
| E228 | Potassium Hydrogen Sulphite | N/A | Preservative | Halaal | ynthetic chemical | Health Code: Red, Asthma, skin reactions, anaphylaxis, gastric irritation, hyperactivity | Low joule jam, dried fruits | |
| E230 | Biphenyl | Diphenyl; 1,1-Biphenyl; bibenzene; phenylbenzene | Antifungal preservative | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red++, Exposure can cause eye and nasal irritation, vomiting, nausea, CNS depression, liver, kidney, respiratory, cardiovascular and neurotixicity | Used to fumigate some fruits (residue on fruit skins), food wrapped in paper impregnated with diphenyl, citrus peel, marmalade | |
| E231 | 2-Hydroxybiphenyl | o-Phenylphenol; orthophenylphenol; (1,1-Biphenyl)-2-ol; 2-biphenylol; orthoxenol | Preservative | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, Nausea, convulsions, vomiting, circulatory collapse, respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, coma, carcinogenic | Used in the manufacture of many food additives | |
| E232 | Sodium biphenyl-2-yl oxide | Sodium O-phenylphenol; Sodium orthophenylphenate; (trihydrate) | Preservative, Antifungal | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, Vomiting, convulsions, irritation of nose and eyes, depigmentation, photosensitiser | Sprayed onto fruit skins, products containing fruit skins, marmalade | Cosmetics, detergents, cooling fluids |
| E233 | 2-(Thiazol-4-yl) benzimidazole | Thiabendazole; Omnizole; Thiaben; Tribendazole | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | ||||
| E234 | Nisin | N/A | Preservative, Antimicrobial | Halaal | Biosynthetic | Health Code: Yellow, The European parliament said in 2003 that it should not be used as it could cause antibiotic resistance in humans | Processed cheese, canned vegetables and fruit, semolina and tapioca puddings | |
| E235 | Natamycin | Pimiricin; antibiotic A 5283; tennecetin; CL 12625 | Preservative | Halaal | Microbiological Synthesis | Health Code: Red, Moderately toxic by ingestion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia, mild skin irritation | Cured processed meats, cheese rind | Drug used to treat fungal infections of the eyes and eyelids |
| E236 | Formic Acid | Methanoic Acid; Ameisensaure | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | ||||
| E237 | Sodium Formate | Sodium formiate; formic acid sodium salt | Halaal | From formic acid | ||||
| E238 | Calcium Formate | Calcium formiate; formic acid calcium salt | Halaal | from formic acid | ||||
| E239 | Hexamine | Hexamethylenetetramine; Methenamine; HMT; HMTA | Preservative | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Red, Contact dermatitis, gastrointestinal upset, kidney damage, genetic mutation in animals, suspected carcinogen | Provolone cheese | Cosmetics, adhesives, coatings lubricating oils |
| E240 | Formaldehyde | Methanal; oxomethane; oxymethylene; methylene oxide; formic aldehyde; methyl aldehyde | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | ||||
| E242 | Dimethyl Dicarbonate | Dicarbonic acid; dimethyl ester; dimethyl polycarbonate; Velcorin | Preservative, Fungicide | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Sport drinks, fruit drinks, instant teas | Yeast inhibitor in wine |
| E249 | Potassium Nitrite | N/A | Preservative, Colour fixative | Halaal | From nitrous acid | Health Code: Red, Asthma, kidney inflamation, behavioural problems, dizziness, headache, may form nitrosamines, not permitted in foods for babies under 6 months, inhibits oxygen in the blood, carcinogenic | Corned, cured, pickled, manufactured and pressed meats | |
| E250 | Sodium Nitrite | Nitrous acid sodium salt; erinitrit | Preservative | Halaal | Synthetic from sodium nitrate | Health Code: Red, Nausea, headaches, dizziness, not permitted in foods for babies less than 6 months, toxic to aquatic organisms | Canned, cured, manufactured and pressed meats, sausages, bacon | Anticorrosive in some cosmetics |
| E251 | Sodium Nitrate | Chile saltpetre; cubic niter;soda niter | Preservative | Halaal | Mineral | Health Code: Red, Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headaches, migraine, may affect thyroid gland, not permitted in foods for babies less than 6 months | Manufactured meats | |
| E260 | Acetic Acid | Acetic acid glacial; Aci-Jel | Food Acid Butter | Halaal | Synthetic | Health Code: Green, regarded as safe in food use, skin irritation,, hives, skin rash, caused cancer in rats and mice orally and by injection, harmful to aquatic organisms | Pickles, chutney, cheese, baked goods, sauces | Animal feeds, hair dye, hand lotion, cigarettes |
| E261 | Potassium Acetate | N/A | Acidity Regulator, Preservative | Halaal | Acetic Acid | Health Code: Green, People with impaired kidney function or cardiac disease may wish to avoid | Pickles, salad cream, chutney, cheese, brown sauce, fruit sauce | Diuretic |
| E262 | Sodium Hydrogen Diacetate | Sodium Acid Acetate (anhydrous / trihydrate); sodium diacetate | Acidity Regulator, Preservative | Halaal | Acetic acid & sodium acetate | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, skin and eye irritation, moderate toxicity by ingestion | Sweets, jams, jellies, soup mixes, snack foods, cereals | Cosmetics, textiles, photographic and dye processes |
| E263 | Calcium Acetate | Brown acetate of lime; gray acetate of lime | Food Acid, Firming agent | Halaal | From acetic acid | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, low oral toxicity | Bread, pickles, beer, ale, cheese, salad cream | Dyeing and curing skins, cosmetic fragrance |
| E264 | Ammonium Acetate | Acetic acid ammonium salt | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | ||||
| E270 | Lactic Acid | D-Lactic acid; DL-Lactic acid; 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid; racemic lactic acid | Food acid, Preservative | Halaal | Fruit / seeds; carbohydrates | Health Code: Green, safe in food use. In cosmetics stinging of the skin in sensitive people, not recommended for babies under 3 months | Infant formula, salad dressings, confectionery, soft drinks, tartare sauce | Cosmetics, skin freshners, cigarettes |
| E280 | Propionic Acid | Propanoic acid; Methylacetic acid; ethylformic acid | Preservative | Halaal | Synthetic chemical; from wood pulp | Health Code: Yellow, Migraines, skin irritation, headaches, hamful to aquatic organisms | Ice cream, baked goods, sweets, processed cheeses | Bakery use |
| E281 | Sodium Propionate | Propionic acid sodium salt | Preservative | Halaal | From propionic acid | Health Code: Yellow, Behavioural problems, skin irritation, learning difficulties, asthma, gastric irritation, headache, migraines see Calcium Propionate E282] | Confectionery, baked goods, frostings, cakes | Cosmetics, medical treatment of fungal infections of the skin |
| E282 | Calcium Propionate | Propionic acid calcium salt | Mould inhibitor, Preservative | Halaal | From propionic acid | Health Code: Yellow, Irritability, asthma, migraine, fatigue, learning difficulties, aggression, gastric irritation, headaches, sensitivity to propionates occurs in conjunction with sensitivity to other chemicals | Bread, processed cheese, poultry stuffing, chocolate products | Cosmetics, antifungal medication |
| E283 | Potassium Propionate | Propionic acid potassium salt | Preservative | Halaal | From propionic acid | Health Code: Green, Asthma, learning difficulties, headache, behabioural problems, migraine, see also Calcium Propionate E282 | Bread, biscuits, cakes, pastries and other flour products | Cosmetics |
| E284 | Boric Acid | Boracic acid; orthoboric acid | Preservative, Oral care agent | Halaal | Natural mineral | Health Code: Red++, Severe poisonings have occured after ingestion or application to abraded skin, kidney, cardiovascular, reproductive, liver and neurotoxicity | Cavier, fungus control on citrus fruits | Baby powder, bath powder, soap, eye cream, mouthwash, cosmetics |
| E285 | Sodium Tetraborate | Borax; sodium borate; sodium biborate | Preservative | Halaal | Mineral | Health Code: Red, Toxic, rarely used with foods, chronic exposure can cause red peeling skin, seizures and kidney failure | Meats imported from the USA? | Shaving cream, cold cream, foundation cream, insecticides |
| E296 | Malic Acid | DL-Malic acid; Hydroxybutanedioic acid; hydroxysuccinic acid; apple acid; 2-hydroxy-1,4-butanedioic acid | Halaal | Acidity Regulator, Antioxidant | Synthetic; microbiological | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, skin and mucous membrane irritation, may aggravate herpes simplex symptoms | Sweetened coconut, tinned oxtail soup, low calorie softdrinks, wines | |
| E297 | Fumaric Acid | (E)-2-Butadioic acid; allomaleic acid; boletic acid | Food acid, Antioxidant | Halaal | Biosynthetic | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Brewed soft drinks, confections, packet cheesecake mix | Cosmetics |
| E300 | Vitamin C | L-Ascorbic acid; Ascorbic acid | Preservative Antioxidant | Halaal | Biosynthetic | Health Code: Green, safe in foods. vitamin c has many beneficial health effects, excessive consumption can cause skin rashes, painful urination and diarrhoea | Confectionery, breakfast cereals, pressed meats, corned meat | Cosmetic cream, hair dye, hair conditioner |
| E301 | Vitamin C Sodium | Sodium L-Ascorbate; Sodium L-(+)-ascorbate | Antioxidant | Halaal | From Vitamin C | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Foods for infants, frozen fish, wine, vinegar, beer | Cosmetics |
| E302 | Vitamin C Calcium | Calcium ascorbate; Calcium L-ascorbate | Preservative, Antioxidant | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels | Concentrated milk products, cooked and cured meat products | |
| E303 | Potassium Ascorbate | Ascorbic acid potassium salt | Halaal | from ascorbic acid | ||||
| E304 | 6-o-Palmitoyl-L-ascorbic Acid | Ascorbyl palmitate | Antioxidant Preservative | Halaal | Synthetic Chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Dairy blend, salad oil, instant mashed potato, reduced fat spread | |
| E306 | Vitamin E Oil Extracts | Soya bean oil; wheat germ oil; rice germ oil; cottonseed oil; maize oil; green leaves oil | Antioxidant | Halaal | Extracts of natural (vegetable) origin rich in tocopherols (vitamin E). | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, may be destroyed by freezing | Dairy blend, margarine, salad oil, reduced fat spread | Deodorant, baby preparations, supplements |
| E307 | Alpha-Tocopherol | Vitamin E; DL-alpha-tocopherol | Antioxidant Nutrient | Halaal | Synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, may be destroyed by freezing | White flour, white bread, white rice, margarine | |
| E308 | Gamma-Tocopherol | Vitamin E; DL-gamma-tocopherol | Antioxidant | Halaal | Synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, This type of Vitamin E has been shown to plasy several protective roles in the body | Dairy blend, salad oil, margarine, reduced fat spread | |
| E309 | Delta-Tocopherol | Vitamin E; DL-delta-tocopherol | Antioxidant | Halaal | Synthetic chemical. | Health Code: Green, Vitamin E has been shown to play protective roles in the body | Salad oil, reduced fat spread, dairy blend, margarine | |
| E310 | Propyl Gallate | Propyl 3,4,5 trihydroxybenzoate | Antioxidant | Halaal | synthesised from gallic acid which is produced from tannins extracted from nut galls or synthesised microbiologically | Health Code: Yellow, Asthma, contact demartitis, gastric irritation, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid, not permitted in foods for babies and young children | Dairy blend, edible fats and oils, reduced fat spread, chewing gum, margarine, salad oil, peanut, butter | Cosmetic cream and lotion |
| E311 | Octyl Gallate | N/A | Antioxidant | Halaal | Synthesised from gallic acid which is produced from tannins extracted from nut galls or synthesised microbiologically | Health Code: Yellow, Mildly toxic by ingestion,allergic reactions, gastric irritation, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid | Edible fats and oils, reduced fat spread, margarine, dripping, salad oil | |
| E312 | Dodecyl gallate | Dodecyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate. | Antioxidant | Halaal | Synthesised from gallic acid which is produced from tannins extracted from nut galls or synthesised microbiologically | Health Code: Yellow, Allergic reactions, NRC, contact dermatitis, gastric irritation, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid, caused pathological changes in the spleen, kidneys and liver in test rats | Dairy blend, edible fats and oils, reduced fat spread, margarine | Cosmetic cream, ink |
| E315 | Erythorbic Acid | Isoascorbic acid; isovitamin C; saccharosonic acid; glucosaccharosonic acid | Antioxidant, Preservative | Halaal | Synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, May cause allergic reactions in some people, has only 5% of the vitamin capacity of ascorbic acid | Breakfast cereal, beverages, flour products, confectionery, pressed meat products | Cosmetics |
| E316 | Sodium Erythorbate | Isoascorbic acid sodium salt; Mercate 20; Neo-Cebitate | Antioxidant | Halaal | Synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, has not been studied for mutagenic and teratogenic effects | Cider, frozen fruit, meat products, baked goods, beverages | Cosmetics, water softener, detergent |
| E317 | Erythorbin Acid | Erythorbic acid | Halaal | Same chemical as erythorbic acid (manufactured from sucrose) | ||||
| E318 | Sodium Erythorbin | Erythorbin acid sodium salt | Halaal | from erythorbin | ||||
| E319 | tert-Butylhydroxyquinone | TBHQ | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E320 | Butylated Hydroxyanisole | BHA; Antracine 12 | Antioxidant Preservative | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Red, Hives, somnolence, hay fever, headache, wheezing, fatigue, asthma, NRC, may affect kidneys, liver, thyroid, stomach, reproduction, hormone disruption, carcinogenic, teratogen | Instant mashed potato, edible fats and oils, chewing gum, reduced fat spread, margarine, processed meats, ice cream | Cosmetics |
| E321 | Butylated Hydroxytoluene | BHT; Antracine 8; 2,6-di-ter-butyl-p-cresol | Antioxidant Preservative | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Red++, Chronic hives, demartitis, fatigue, asthma, aggressive behaviour, bronchospasm, NRC, may affect reproduction, kidneys, stomach, liver, harmful to aquatic organisms | Edible fats and oils, chewing gum, fish products, dry breakfast cereals, beer and malt drinks, polyethylene film for wrapping food | Shaving cream, baby oil, baby lotion, lipstick, eyeliner, packaging materials, rubber, jet fuel |
| E322 | Lecithin | Phosphatidylcholine; Lecithol | Stabiliser, Emulsifier | Halaal | Soybean (mainly); Eggs; Leguminous seeds | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, people with allergy to soy may wish to avoid | Chocolate, dried milk, margarine, dessert mix, confectionery | Cosmetics, lipstick, hand cream, pharmaceuticals |
| E325 | Sodium Lactate | Lactic acid sodium salt; L-sodium lactate; Purasal S | Humectant, Bulking agent | Halaal | synthesised from lactic acid | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, people with lactose intolerance may wish to avoid | Biscuits, uncured hams | Moisturiser, skin and hair products |
| E326 | Potassium Lactate | Lactic acid potassium salt | Acidity Regulator, Humectant | Halaal | synthesised from lactic acid | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, people with lactose intolerance may wish to avoid | Biscuits, cheese confectionery, foods for infants | |
| E327 | Calcium Lactate | Lactic acid calcium salt | Food acid, Buffer | Halaal | Synthesised from lactic acid | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use, may cause cardiac and gastro-intestinal disturbance, people with lactose intolerance may wish to avoid | Confectionery, baking powder, canned bean sprouts, condensed milk | Oral menstrual drug products? (unsafe), dentifrices, animal feeds |
| E329 | Magnesium Lactate | lactic acid magnesium salt | Halaal | from lactic acid (biofermentation of starch) | ||||
| E330 | Citric Acid | Citric Acid Monohydrate; Citric Acid Anhydrous; B-hydroxytricarballic acid; 2-hydroxy-1,2,3,-propane tricarboxylic acid | Acidity Regulator, Flavouring | Halaal | microbiological fermentation; citrus fruits; pineapple waste | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use, has a number of health benefits, may provoke symptoms in those who react to MSG, may aggravate the herpes simplex virus, in cosmetic use it may cause exfoliative dermatitis, eye and skin irritation | Biscuits, cheese, ice cream, jams, jellies, processed cheese, soft drinks, fruit drinks, infant formula | Freckle cream, eye lotion, nail bleaches, skin freshners, hair rinses |
| E331 | Sodium Citrate | Citric acid sodium salt | Acidity Regulator, Emulsifier | Halaal | synthesised from citric acid | Health Code: Green, Can provoke symptoms in those who react to MSG, may alter urinary excretion of some drugs making them either less effective or more potent | Infant formula, cottage cheese, ice cream, evaporated milk, jams, preserves, fruit jellies | Cosmetics |
| E331(a) | Sodium Dihydrogen Citrate | Monosodium citrate | Halaal | synthesised from citric acid | ||||
| E331(b) | Disodium Citrate | Citric acid disodium salt | Halaal | synthesised from citric acid | ||||
| E331(c) | Trisodium Citrate | Citric acid trisodium salt; citrosodine | Halaal | synthesised from citric acid | ||||
| E332 | Potassium Dihydrogen Citrate | Citric acid monopotassium salt. Monopotassium citrate. Tripotassium citrate; potassium citrate | Acidity Regulator, Stabiliser | Halaal | synthesised from citric acid | Health Code: Green, May provoke symptoms in those who react to MSG, may interfere with the results of laboratory tests for pancreatic, blood and liver function | Confectionery, jellies, preserves | |
| E333 | Calcium Citrate | mono- di- & triCalcium citrate | Food acid, Butter | Halaal | synthesised from citric acid | Health Code: Green, may provoke symptoms in those who react to MSG, citrates may interfere with the results of laboratory tests for blood, liver and pancreatic function | Confectionery, jellies, jams, to improve baking properties in flour | |
| E338 | Phosphoric acid | Orthophosphoric acid | Acidity Regulator | Halaal | phosphate ore | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use at low levels, excess may lead to tooth erosion and calcium loss in bones | Cheese products, soft drinks, jellies, sweets | |
| E339(a) | Sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate | N/A | Halaal | phosphoric acid | ||||
| E339(b) | diSodium hydrogen orthophosphate | N/A | Halaal | synthesised from phosphoric acid | ||||
| E339(c) | triSodium hydrogen orthophosphate | N/A | Halaal | synthesised from phosphoric acid | ||||
| E340(a) | Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate | monopotassium phosphate; MKP | Halaal | synthesised from phosphoric acid | ||||
| E340(b) | diPotassium hydrogen orthophosphate | dipotassium phosphate; DKP; potassium phosphate dibasic | Halaal | synthesised from phosphoric acid | ||||
| E340(c) | triPotassium orthophosphate | dipotassium phosphate; DKP; potassium phosphate tribasic; tripotassium monophosphate | Halaal | Synthesised from phosphoric acid | ||||
| E341(a) | Calcium Tetrahydrogen Diorthophosphate | monocalcium phosphate; MCP; acid calcium phosphate; ACP; monocalcium orthophosphate; monobasic calcium phosphate; calcium biphosphate; calcium hydrogen phosphate. | Halaal | synthesised from phosphoric acid | ||||
| E341(b) | Calcium Hydrogen Orthophosphate | dicalcium phosphate; DCP; calcium phosphate dibasic; calcium hydrogen phosphate; secondary calcium phosphate | Halaal | synthesised from phosphoric acid | ||||
| E341(c) | triCalcium diorthophosphate | tricalcium phosphate; calcium phosphate tribasic | Halaal | synthesised from calcium phosphate | ||||
| E343 | Monomagnesium Phosphate | N/A | Anticaking Agent | Halaal | synthesised | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Dried milk, milk powder | Dietary supplement |
| E350 | Sodium Malate | Malic acid sodium salt; Sodium hydrogen malate | Acidity Regulator, Humectant | Halaal | from malic acid | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Fruit drink, soft drinks, sweetened coconut | Anti-aging products |
| E351 | Potassium Malate | malic acid potassium salt | Acidity Regulator | Halaal | from malic acid | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Fruit drinks, soft drinks, sweetened coconut | |
| E352 | Calcium Malate | malic acid calcium salt; Calcium hydrogen malate | Buffer Firming agent | Halaal | from malic acid | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Fruit drinks, soft drinks, sweetened coconut | |
| E355 | Adipic Acid | Hexanedioic acid | Raising Agent Buffer | Halaal | Synthetic chemical | Health Code: Yellow, Regard as safe in food use at low levels, moderately toxic by ingestion, toxic effects in rats including death, teratogenic | Beverages, baked goods, oils, snack foods, processed cheese | Manufacture of plastics and nylons |
| E356 | Sodium Adipate | Adipic acid sodium salt | Acidity Regulator, Firming agent | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Beverages, baked goods, processed cheese, snack foods | |
| E357 | Potassium Adipate | Adipic acid potassium salt | Acidity Regulator, Buffer | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, see Adipic Acid E355 | Low salt foods | Boiler water |
| E363 | Succinic Acid | N/A | Flavour enhancer, Acidity regulator | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, excess can cause vomitting and diarrhoes | Salt substitute | Cosmetics, inks, perfume, lacquers, oaint, mouthwash |
| E365 | Sodium Fumarate | monosodium fumarate; fumaric acid sodium salt | Halaal | from fumaric acid (biosynthetic) | ||||
| E366 | Potassium Fumarate | fumaric acid potassium salt | Halaal | from fumaric acid (biosynthetic) | ||||
| E367 | Calcium Fumarate | fumaric acid calcium salt | Halaal | from fumaric acid (biosynthetic) | ||||
| E370 | 1,4-Heptonolactone | N/A | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E375 | Nicotinic Acid | Niacin | Halaal | synthetic from nicotine | ||||
| E380 | triAmmonium Citrate | citric acid triammonium salt; ammonium citrate tribasic | Acidity Regulator | Halaal | from citric acid | Health Code: Green, May provoke symptoms in those who react to MSG | Wide variety of foods including processed cheese, cheese spread | |
| E381 | Ammonium Ferric Citrate | Ferric ammonium citrate; ammonium ferric citrate green | Halaal | from citric acid | ||||
| E385 | Calcium Disodium EDTA | Calcium Disodium Edetate; Calcium Disodium ethylenediamine NNNN tetra-acetate | Preservative, Sequestrant | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Red, Muscle cramps, blood in the urine, intestinal upset, kidney damage, mineral imbalance, chromosome damage, can increase uptake of heavy metals, may affect liver and reproduction | Dressings, soft drinks, sandwich spreads, beer, ale, margarine, instant teas | Used medically to detoxify heavy metal poisoning |
| E400 | Alginic Acid | Norgine; polymannuronic acid; Sazio | Thickener, Vegetable gum | Halaal | from seaweeds | Health Code: Green, safe in foods at low levels, alginates inhibited absorption of essential nutrients in some animal tests | Ice cream, dessert mix, custard mix, flavoured milk, cordials, infant formula, yoghurt | Cosmetics and textiles |
| E401 | Sodium Alginate | Alginic acid sodium salt; Algin; Sodium polymannuronate | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | from brown seaweeds | Health Code: Green, Alginates may have beneficial effects on health, they inhibited absorption of essential nutrients in animal tests | Frozen desserts, jams, fruit jelly preserves | Baby lotion, wave sets, shaving cream |
| E402 | Potassium Alginate | Potassium polymannuronate; alginic acid potassium salt | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | from alginic acid | Health Code: Green, Alginates may have beneficial effects on health, they inhibited absorption of essential nutrients in animal tests | Ice cream, yoghurt, custard mix | |
| E403 | Ammonium Alginate | alginic acid ammonium salt | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | from alginic acid | Health Code: Green, Alginates may have beneficial effects on health, alginates inhibit absorption of essential nutrients in animal tests | Dessert mix, custard mix, ice cream, yoghurt | Cosmetics, boiler water |
| E404 | Calcium Alginate | Algin; alginic acid calcium salt | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | from alginic acid | Health Code: Green, Alginates may have beneficial effects on health, they inhibited absorption of essential nutrients in animal tests | Ice cream, soft and cottage cheeses, cheese snacks, instant desserts | Hand lotion and cream, shampoo, wave sets |
| E405 | Propylene glycol alginate | Propylene glycol alginate ester; Propane-1,2-diol alginate | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | Sythetic from alginic acid | Health Code: Yellow, Can cause allergic reactions, reduced growth and loose stools in animal studies, alginates inhibited absorption of essential nutrients in some animal tests | Frozen custard, salad dressing, ice cream, fruit sherbet | Cosmetics |
| E406 | Agar Agar | Agar; Japanese isinglass; gelose; vegetable gelatine | Thickener, Emulsifier | Halaal | seaweed | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, mildly toxic by ingestion, allergic reactions | Ice cream, baked goods, desserts, manufactured meats, jellies | Cosmetics, bulk laxative |
| E407 | Carrageen | Irish moss | Thickener, Vegetable gum | Halaal | seaweed extract | Health Code: Red, May affect gastrointestinal tract, stomach, NRC, ulcerative colitis, animasl carcinogen | Ice cream, dessert mix, confectionery, pastries, biscuits, chocolate products | Cosmetics, cough medicines, toothpaste |
| E407a | Processed Eucheuma Seaweed | PES; PNG-carrageenan; semi-refined carrageenan | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | In addition to carrageenan polysaccharides, processed eucheuma seaweed may contain up to 15% of insoluble algal cellulose and minor amounts of other insoluble matter. Artic | Health Code: Yellow, Uncertainities exist as to the safety of this additive | Processed foods | |
| E410 | Locust Bean Gum | Ceratonia gum; Carob bean gum. | Thickener, Emulsifier | Halaal | from pod of Carob tree. Also for Carob powder | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, may lower cholesterol levels | Infant formula, ice cream, pickles, icings, toppings, chutney, cheese, confectionery | Cosmetics, animal feed, detergent, adhesives |
| E412 | Guar Gum | Guar flour; Jaguar gum; Cluster bean; Decorpa | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | pea extract | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, excess can cause abdominal cramps, nausea, flatulence, diarrhoea | Baked goods, jam, cereals, cheese spreads, jellies, beverages, infant foods, toppings | Binding tablets, cosmetics, slimming aids (caution recommended) |
| E413 | Tragacanth | Gum dragon; Gum tragacanth | Thickener, Emulsifier | Halaal | from trunk and branches of Astragalus tree | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use at low levels, adverse reactions such as asthma, abdominal pain, contact dermatitis, dyspnoea, anaphylaxis and constipation can occur but are rare | Sauces, fruit jelly, salad dressing, confections, icings | Shaving cream, rouge, toothpaste foundation |
| E414 | Gum Arabic | Acacia; Sudan gum; Gum hashab; Kordofan gum | Thickener, Emulsifier | Halaal | from stems & branches of Acacia tree | Health Code: Yellow, Low oral toxicity, asthma, skin rash, hives, hay fever | Confectionery, soft drinks, chewing gu, jelly, glazes | cosmetics, hair products, medicines |
| E415 | Xanthan gum | Corn sugar gum; Polysaccharide B-1459 | Thickener, Emulsifier | Halaal | fermentation of corn sugar | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Jellies, sweets, dairy products, breakfast cereal, salad dressing | Animal feeds, cigarettes |
| E416 | Karaya Gum | Sterculia gum; Indian tragacanth | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | from trunk & stems of Sterculia tree | Health Code: Yellow, Asthma, hives, hay fever, dermatitis, reduces nutrient intake, gastric irritation | Ice cream, baked goods, sweets, gumdrops, frozen dairy desserts | Hair-spray, setting lotion, hand lotion, toothpaste, shaving cream |
| E417 | Tara Gum | N/A | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | from seeds of Tara tree | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Ice cream, cheese, bakery products, sauces | |
| E418 | Gellan gum | N/A | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | microbiological fermentation | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, excess can cause diarrhoea | Various foods | |
| E420(i) | Sorbitol | D-Glucitol; D-sorbitol; L-gulitol; sorbit; Handsan | Halaal | synthesised from glucose | ||||
| E420(ii) | Sorbitol Syrup | N/A | Halaal | Aqueous solution of sorbitol and hydrogenated oligosaccharides | ||||
| E421 | Mannitol | Manna Sugar | Sweetener, Humectant | Halaal | Prepared from seaweed or manna or by hydrogenation of glucose, sucrose, fructose, or monosaccharides | Health Code: Red, Hypersensitivity reactions, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, hives, NRC and diabetics, kidney disfunction, gastric irritation, anaphylaxis | Carbohydrate modified foods or low calories foods, chewing gum, sweets, jams, jellies | Hand cream, hair grooming products |
| E425 | Konjac gum | N/A | Emulsifier, Thickener | Halaal | from Konjac plant root | Health Code: Yellow, Choking hazard in dry form, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, stomach problems, nutrient disruption | Soups, gravy, jam, mayonnaise, lollies | |
| E426 | Soyabean Hemicellulose | N/A | Halaal | soya bean | ||||
| E432 | Tween 20 | Polysorbate 20; Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate | Emulsifier, Stabiliser | Halaal | Lauric esters of sorbitol condensed with ethylene oxide | Health Code: Red, Polysorbates can contain residues of harmful chemicalks, can increase the absorption of fat soluble substances | Cosmetic cream and lotion | |
| E434 | Tween 40 | Polysorbate 40; Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate | Emulsifier | Halaal | Palmitate ester of sorbitol copolymerised with ethylene oxide | Health Code: Red, Polysorbates can contain residues of harmful chemicalks, can increase the absorption of fat soluble substances | Whipped cream, soup, beverages, confectionery | |
| E442 | Emulsifier YN | Ammonium phosphatides | Emulsifier, Stabiliser | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Bread, chocolate, confectionery, frying oils | |
| E444 | Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate | SAIB; sucrose diacetate hexaisobutyrate | Emulsifier, Stabiliser | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, produced liver damage in dogs but not in other species | Citrus flavoured beverages | |
| E450(a) | diSodium Pyrophosphate | diSodium dihydrogen diphosphate; DSPP; disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate; acid sodium pyrophosphate; trisodium diphosphate; tetrapotassium diphosphate. | Halaal | sodium & potassium salts of pyrophosphoric acid (from phosphoric acid) | ||||
| E450(b) | pentaSodium Triphosphate | STPP; Sodium tripolyphosphate; pentapotassium triphosphate; potassium tripolyphosphate | Halaal | Source: sodium & potassium salts of triphosphoric acid (from phophoric acid) | ||||
| E450(c) | Sodium Polyphosphates | Polyphosphoric acid sodium or potassium salts | Halaal | Sodium & potassium salts of polyphosphoric acid (from phosphoric acid) | ||||
| E450(v) | Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate | tetrapotassium diphosphate; potassium pyrophosphate | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E451 | Triphosphates | (i) pentasodium triphosphate; (ii) pentapotassium triphosphate | Emulsifier, Stabiliser | Halaal | synthetic chemicals | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Processed cheese, meat and fish products, baking powder, cola drinks | |
| E452 | Polyphosphates | (i) sodium polyphosophate; (ii) Potassium polyphosphate; (iii) sodium calcium polyphosphate; (iv) calcium polyphosphates. | Emulsifier, Stabiliser | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Meat and fish products, processed cheese, baking powder, cola drinks | Fertilisers, detergents |
| E459 | Beta-cyclodextrin | N/A | Processing aid Stabiliser | Halaal | from microbial action on starch | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Processed foods | Toothpaste, skin cream |
| E460 | Cellulose | Avicel (microcrystalline cellulose); Alpha-cellulose (powdered cellulose) | Anticaking Agent, Binder | Halaal | cellulose walls of plant fibre | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Cakes, sauces, soups, biscuits, bread, spreads, jams, ice cream | Cosmetic cream, tablets |
| E461 | Methylcellulose | Methocel; Cologel | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | treatment of cellulose with methyl chloride | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, laxative effect with excess | Infant formula, ice cream, toppings, pickles, chutney, confectionery, imitation fruit, soup | Cosmetics, hand cream and lotion, sun cream, slimming aids |
| E462 | Ethyl Cellulose | N/A | Halaal | from wood pulp or chemical cotton | ||||
| E463 | Hydroxypropylcellulose | N/A | Thickener, Emulsifier | Halaal | treatment of cellulose with propylene oxide | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, may cause allergic reactions | Low fat cream, UHT cream | Cosmetics, tobacco |
| E464 | Hydoxypropylmethylcellulose | Hypromellose | Emulsifier, Thickener | Halaal | treatment of cellulose with methyl chloride & propylene oxide | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, mild eye and skin irritation, allergic reactions | Confectionery, infant formula, icing, topping, ice cream, pickles, soup, dried mixed fruit | Cosmetics, hair and skin preparations, bubble bath, tanning lotion |
| E465 | Ethylmethylcellulose | Methylethylcellulose | Thickener, Emulsifier | Halaal | from cellulose (plant) | Health Code: Yellow, Can cause digestive problems, diarrhoea, flatulence, gastrointestinal disturbances | Vegetable fat, low fat cream, imitation ice cream, whipped toppings | Bulk laxative, tobacco |
| E466 | Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium | Carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt; CMC; Sodium caboxymethylcellulose; sodium cellulose glycolate; Carmellose sodium | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | Synthetically from cellulose (of plants) | Health Code: Yellow, Poorly absorbed, flatulence, large amounts can cause diarrhoea and abdominal cramps, caused cancer and tumours in animal studies | Infant formula, ice cream, icings, confectionery, cottage cheese, cream cheese spread | Hair setting lotion, hand cream, medication, laxatives, antacids, tobacco |
| E467 | Ethylhydroxyethyl Cellulose | Bermocoll EBS 481 FQ; cellulose ethyl hydroxyethyl ether; ethyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether cellulose; etulos; Bermocoll E 511 FQ. | Halaal | synthetic chemical from cellulose | ||||
| E468 | Crosslinked Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose | Crosslinked NaCMC | Carrier | Halaal | from cellulose | Health Code: Yellow, See Carboxy Methyl - cellulose (E466) | Sweeteners | |
| E469 | Enzymetically Hydrolysed Carboxymethyl Cellulose | N/A | Thickener, Stabiliser | Halaal | from cellulose | Health Code: Red, See Carboxy Methyl - cellulose (E466) | Ice cream, soup, fatty meat products | |
| E493 | Sorbitan Monolaurate | Span 20 | Emulsifier, Stabiliser | Halaal | from sorbitol & lauric acid | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | ||
| E495 | Sorbitan Monopalmitate | Span 40 | Emulsifier, Stabiliser | Halaal | from sorbitol & palmitic acid | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Cake mixes | |
| E500 | Sodium Bicarbonate | Sodium hydrogen carbonate; Baking soda; Bicarbonate of soda; Sodium sesquicarbonate; Trona | Acidity Regulator, Anticaking agent | Halaal | Synthetic chemical from Sodium Carbonate (a mineral) | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use at low levels, contact can cause forehead, scalp, and hand rash, respiratory distress, large doses can cause gastrointestinal bleeding, vomiting, diarrhoea, shock and death | Confectionery, custard mix, flour products, ice cream mix, soup, jams, chocolate, malted milk powder | Mouthwash, soap, bath, salts, vaginal douches, shampoo, laundry detergent, paper and glass manufacture |
| E501 | Potassium Carbonate | Potassium hydrogen carbonate | Acidity Regulator, Stabiliser | Halaal | synthetic | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use, dermatitis of the scalp, forehead and hands, eye irritation, upper respiratory tract irritation | Confections, cocoa products, low sodium salt substitute, soda water | Shampoo, permanent wave lotion, washing powder |
| E503 | Hartshorn; Ammonium hydrogen carbonate; Ammonium bicarbonate | Buffer Nutraliser | synthetic | Halaal | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, contact can cause skin rashes on scalp, forehead and hands | Baking powder, chocolate, cocoa | Permanent wave solution and cream, fire extinguishers | |
| E504 | Magnesium Carbonate | Magnesite | Anticaking Agent, Alkali | Halaal | mineral | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, excess may have a laxative effect | Sour cream, ice cream, canned peas, table salt | Baby powder, face powder, perfume carrier |
| E507 | Hydrochloric Acid | N/A | Acidity Regulator, Modifier | Halaal | synthetic | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Cottage cheese, cream cheese | Hair bleach, solvent |
| E508 | Potassium Chloride | N/A | Gelling agent | Halaal | Mineral | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use at low levels, intestinal ulcers, NRC, cardiovascular liver and respiratory toxicity | Reduced sodium foods, low sodium sal substitute | Cosmetics, fertiliser |
| E509 | Calcium Chloride | N/A | Firming agent, Sequestrant | Halaal | synthetic | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, irritation of skin and mucous membranes, stomach upsets, irregular heartbeat | Cottage cheese, jellies, canned tomatoes, low sodium salt substitute | Cosmetics, eye lotion, fire extinguishers |
| E510 | Ammonium Chloride | N/A | Halaal | synthetic | ||||
| E511 | Magnesium Chloride | magnogene | Firming agent, Buffer | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, excess may have a laxative effect | Infant formula, salt substitute, non-alcoholic beverages | |
| E512 | Stannous Chloride | Tin dichloride; tin protochloride; Stannochlor | Antioxidant, Colour retention agent | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Yellow, Low systematic toxicity, but may be irritating to skin and mucous membranes, harmful to aquatic organisms | Canned asparagus, canned fruit juice, canned soft drinks | Manufacture of dye |
| E513 | Sulphuric Acid | Sulfuric acid | Acidity Regulator | Halaal | synthetic | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Used to modify starch | Brewing industry, cosmetic products |
| E514 | Sodium Sulphate | Glauber's salt | Acidity Regulator, Preservative | Halaal | mineral | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use at low levels, skin irritation, gastrointestinal irritation, people with poor kidney or liver function should avoid | Chewing gum base, biscuits, tuna fish | Manufacture of dye, soap, detergents, glass and paper |
| E515 | Potassium Sulphate | N/A | Acidity Regulator | Halaal | mineral | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, large doses cause severe gastrointestinal bleeding | Low sodium salt substitute, brewing industry | Cosmetics, medicines |
| E516 | Calcium Sulphate | Gypsum; Plaster of Paris | Firming agent | Halaal | mineral | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, large amounts may cause intestinal obstruction and constipation | Flour products, baking powder, cereals flours, canned tomatoes, Gorgozola cheese | Toothpastes and powder, brewing industry, insecticides |
| E517 | Ammonium Sulphate | Sulphuric acid diammonium salt; mascagnite | Flour treatment, Stabiliser | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, proved fatal to rats in large doses | Bakery products, dough making | Permanent wave lotion, tanning industry, fertilisers |
| E518 | Magnesium Sulphate | Epson salts; Epsomite | Halaal | mineral | ||||
| E519 | Copper (II) Sulphate | Copper sulphate; copper sulfate; vitriol | Halaal | mineral, hydrocyanite or chalcanthite | ||||
| E520 | Aluminium Sulphate | Alum; cake alum; patent alum | Modifier | Halaal | mineral alunogenite | Health Code: Yellow, Moderately toxic by ingestion, pimples under the arms, allergic reactions, may affect reproduction. [see E173] | Sweet and dill pickles, pickle relish, modifier for starch | Antiperspirant, deodorant, skin freshners, packaging materials |
| E521 | Aluminium Sodium Sulphate | Sodium Alum; Soda Alum | Buffer Firming Agent | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use? skin rash from contact, mild sensitisation. [see E173] | Cereal, flour, bleached flour, cheese | |
| E522 | Aluminium Potassium Sulphate | Potassium Alum; alum flour; burnt alum; alum meal | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E523 | Aluminium Ammonium Sulphate | Burnt Ammonium Alum; exsiccated ammonium alum | Stabiliser Buffer | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use at low levels, ingestion of large doses can cause burning in mouth and throat, vomiting and diarrhoea [see E173] | Bakjing powder, milling and cereal industries | Purification of drinking water, fire-proofing, vegetable glue |
| E524 | Sodium Hydroxide | Caustic Soda; Lye | Emulsifier | Halaal | synthetic | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, contact can cause demartitis, concentrate is hazardous | Modifier for starch, glazing of pretzels | Shampoo, shaving cream, liquid drain cleaner |
| E525 | Potassium Hydroxide | N/A | Alkali, Emulsifier | Halaal | synthetic | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use, skin irritation and nail damage in cuticle removers, tumours in mice when applied to the skin | Extracting colour from Anatto seed, cacao products | Hand lotion, shaving cream, cuticle removers |
| E526 | Calcium Hydroxide | N/A | Acidity Regulator, Firming agent | Halaal | synthetic | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, toxic and hazardous in concentrated form | Canned peas, fruit products, infant formula, beer, ale | Depilatories, animal feeds, plaster, pesticides |
| E527 | Ammonium Hydroxide | Ammonia Water; Ammonia % | Acidity regulator, Nutraliser | Halaal | synthetic | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use, irritating to eyes and mucous membranes, hair breakage, toxic by ingestion | Cocoa products, chocolate | Metallic hair dye, barrier cream, stain remover, animal feed detergent |
| E528 | Magnesium Hydroxide | Periclase | Acidity Regulator | Halaal | mineral | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels | Manufacture of some caramels, canned peas, cheese manufacture | Dentifrices,skin cream |
| E529 | Calcium Oxide | Quicklime; lime; burnt lime; calx | Emulsifier, Texturiser | Halaal | synthetic from limestone | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use, can cause severe damage to skin and mucous membranes on contact, thermal and chemical burns | Confectionery, custard mix, flour products, soup, malted milk powder, canned peas | Cosmetics, home and garden pesticides, insecticides, plaster |
| E530 | Magnesium Oxide | Periclase; Native magnesium | Anticaking Agent, Firming agent | Halaal | mineral | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Frozen dairy products, canned peas | |
| E535 | Sodium Ferrocyanide | Sodium hexacyanoferrate II | Anticaking Agent | Halaal | synthetic | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Salts and condiments | Processing wine |
| E536 | Potassium Ferrocyanide | Potassium hexacyanoferrate II | Anticaking Agent, Colouring | Halaal | synthetic | Health Code: Yellow, Kidney toxicity, skin irritation, may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption | Salts and condiments | |
| E538 | Calcium Ferrocyanide | N/A | Anticaking Agent | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Table salt | |
| E540 | diCalcium Diphosphate | diCalcium pyrophosphate | Halaal | mineral & synthetic | ||||
| E541 | Sodium Aluminium Phosphate | Sodium Aluminium Phosphate acidic & basic. SAP | Emulsifier, Acidity regulator | Halaal | synthetic from phosphoric acid. Propriety: Budal 2308 | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use at low levels, people with kidney or heart disease may wish to avoid or limit intake [see Aluminium E173] | Self-raising flour, various cheeses | |
| E543 | Calcium Sodium Polyphosphate | N/A | Halaal | synthetic from phosphoric acid | ||||
| E544 | Calcium Polyphosphates | N/A | Halaal | synthetic from polyphosphoric acid | ||||
| E545 | Ammonium Polyphosphates | N/A | Halaal | from phosphoric acid | ||||
| E550 | Sodium Silicate | Water glass; soluble glass | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E551 | Silicon Dioxide | Silica; Silicic anhydride; Flogard; Sipernat 22S; Pirosil; aerosil 200 | Anticaking Agent | Halaal | Sand; Rocks | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, has beneficial health effects | Dried egg products, beverage whitener, salt substitutes | Beer production, animal feed, paper and paperboard |
| E552 | Calcium Silicate | Wollastonite | Anticaking Agent, Glazing agent | Halaal | mineral | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, inhalation may cause respiratory tract irritation, asthma | Baking powder, rice, chewing gum, table salt, vanilla powder | Face powder, lime glass, cement |
| E553(a) | Magnesium Silicate | Manesium trisilicate | Anticaking Agent | Halaal | synthetic | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, kidney stones | Vanilla powder | Talcum powder, shampoo, antacid |
| E553(b) | Talc | French chalk; magnesium hydrogen metasilicate | Anticaking Agent | Halaal | mineral | Health Code: Red, Cancers (stomach anbd ovarian), cough, vomiting, respiratory problems, tumours, stomach problems | Chocolate, chewing gum base, condiments, confectionery, polished rice | Eye make-up, bath powder, baby powder, animal feed, vitamin supplements |
| E554 | Aluminium Sodium Silicate | Sodium Aluminosilicate | Anticaking Agent | Halaal | mineral & synthetic | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use at low levels [see E173] | Beverage whitener, baking powder, dry soup mix | Barrier cream, depilatories |
| E555 | Pottasium Aluminium Silicate | Mica | Anticaking Agent | Halaal | mineral muscovite | Health Code: Yellow, see Aluminium E173 | Cheese and cheese products | |
| E556 | Aluminium Calcium Silicate | Calcium Aluminium Silicate | Anticaking Agent | Halaal | mineral | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use at low levels [see E173] | Garlic salt, table salt, vanilla powder | |
| E558 | Betonite | Bentonitum; soap clay | Thickener, Anticaking agent | Halaal | clay deposite | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use, may clog skin pores inhibiting proper skin function [see E173] | Colouring in wine, sugar brewing and purification, settling wine sediments | Cosmetics, facial masks, animal and poultry feeds, detergents |
| E559 | Kaolin | Kaolin heavy or light; Aluminium silicate | Anticaking Agent | Halaal | mineral | Health Code: Yellow, safe in food use. [see E173] | Beer production | Baby powder, bath powder, face powder |
| E574 | Gluconic Acid | D-gluconic acid; dextronic acid; maltonic acid; glyconic acid; glycogenic acid; pentahydroxy caproic acid | Anticaking Agent, Sequestrant | Halaal | prepared from glucose or corn | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Unstandardised foods | Cosmetics, metal cleaners and degreasers |
| E575 | D-Glucono-1,5-lactone | Glucono delta-lactone | Acidity Regulator | Halaal | synthetic from glucose | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, excess can cause diarrhoea | Cottage cheese, meat processing, jelly powder, canned vegetables | Cleaning agents, brewing beer |
| E576 | Sodium Gluconate | Gluconic acid sodium salt | Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant | Halaal | synthetic from glucose | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, people with heart disease or high blood pressure may wish to avoid or limit | Metal cleaner, paint stripper, metal plating, rust remover | |
| E577 | Potassium Gluconate | Gluconic acid potassium salt | Sequestrant | Halaal | synthetic from glucose | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Soda water | |
| E578 | Calcium Gluconate | Gluconic acid calcium salt | Buffer Sequestrant | Halaal | synthetic from glucose | Health Code: Yellow, Gastric irritation, stomach problems, heart problems | Preserves, infant formula, anticaking of coffee powder | Cosmetics, animal feed |
| E579 | Ferrous Gluconate | Fergon; Ferlucon; Ferronicum; Gluco-Ferrum; Iromon; Irox; Nionate | Colour retention agent, Flavouring | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Red, Toxic in large amounts, diarrhoea, vomiting, may affect gastrointestinal tract, liver, stomach, caused tumours in mice | Infant formula, dietary food, preserved lipe olives | Iron supplements |
| E585 | Ferrous Lactate | N/A | Colour fixative | Halaal | lactic acid | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, caused tumours in mice when injected under the skin | Dietary supplement | |
| E586 | 4-Hexylresorcinol | ST 37; Ascaryl; Caprokol; Crystoids; Gelovermin; Sucrets; Worm-agen | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E620 | L-Glutamic Acid | aminoglutaric acid; 2-aminopentanedioic acid; 1-aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid | Flavour enhancer, Antioxidant | Halaal | microbiological fermentation or acid hydrolysis of vegetable proteins | Health Code: Yellow, Asthma, headache, nausea, sleep disturbances | Adding meat flavour to foods, improving the taste of beer (together with hydrochrolic acid) | Cosmetics, permanent wave lotion, treatment of epilepsy. |
| E621 | MonoSodium Glutamate | MSG; Sodium hydrogen L-glutamate; Aji-no-moto; Sodium glutamate monohydrate; Accent | Flavour enhancer | Halaal | fermentation using molasses from cane or beet sugar or wheat protein | Health Code: Red, Bronchospasm, heart palpitations, abdominal discomfort, irritability, fibromyalgia, nausea, depression, headache, migraine, asthma, blurred vision, vertigo, sight impairment, teratogenic, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid, NRC | May be found in packet soup, quick soup, flavoured noodles, textured protein, malt extract, yeast extract, TVP, soy sauce, gelatine, flavourings (chicken, beef, pork, smoke). | Hidden sources of MSG including soap, cosmetics, shampoo, hair conditioner, most 'live virus' vaccines. |
| E622 | monoPotassium Glutamate | Potassium hydrogen L-glutamate | Flavour enhancer | Halaal | synthetic from glutamic acid | Health Code: Red, see Monodium Glutamate E621 | Low sodium salt substitute | |
| E623 | Calcium Dihydrogen di-L-glutamate | N/A | Flavour enhancer | Halaal | synthetic from glutamic acid | Health Code: Yellow, Asthma, aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid, probably similar to MSG | Low sodium salt substitute | |
| E624 | Monoammonium Glutamate | Ammonium glutamate | Flavour enhancer | Halaal | Synthetic chemical | Health Code: Yellow, Contains MSG, allergic reactions | Low sodium salt substitute | |
| E625 | Magnesium Diglutamate | Magnesium glutamate | Flavour enhancer | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, contains MSG, excess may have a laxative effect | Low sodium salt substitute | |
| E626 | Guanylic acid | 5-guanylic acid | Flavour enhancer | Halaal | yeast or sardines or micro synthesised | Health Code: Green, Mildly toxic by ingestion | Canned foods, sauces, soup, snacks | |
| E627 | Sodium Guanylate | Guanosine 5-disodium phosphate | Flavour enhancer | Halaal | synthetic; guanylic acid | Health Code: Yellow, Aspirin sensitive people may wish to avoid, people with gout or uric acid kidney stones may wish to avoid, NRCCanned foods, sauces, snack foods, soups | ||
| E628 | Dipotassium Guanylate | Potassium guanylate; Potassium 5-guanylate | Flavour enhancer | Halaal | guanylic acid | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, people with gout or uric acid kidney stones may wish to avoid | Canned vegetables | |
| E629 | Calcium Guanylate | Calcium 5-guanylate | Flavour enhancer | Halaal | guanylic acid | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, may trigger gout | ||
| E636 | Maltol | 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-(1,4-pyran); 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one; Larixinic acid; 2-Methyl pyromeconic acid; Palatone; Veltol | Halaal | synthetic chemical also from trees | ||||
| E637 | Ethyl Maltol | 3-Hydroxy-2-ethyl-4-pyrone; 2-Ethyl pyromeconic acid; 3-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one; 2-Ethyl-3-ol-4H-pyran-4-one | Halaal | synthetic from maltol | ||||
| E650 | Zinc Acetate | N/A | Flavour enhancer | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, large doses can cause nausea and vomiting | Chewing gum | Dietary supplement, animal feed |
| E900 | Dimethylpolysiloxane | Simethicone; Dimethicone | Antifoaming agent | Halaal | synthetic | Health Code: Yellow, Acute or delayed hyper-sensitivity reactions, nausea, diarrhoea | Chewing gum, soft drinks, jam, instant coffee, cordials | Ointment base, topical drugs, skin protectant |
| E901 | Beeswax | Beeswax white or yellow | Glazing and polishing agent | Halaal | bee honeycomb | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, can cause mild allergic reactions and contact dermatitis | Confectionery, soft drinks, chewing gum | Mascara, eye make-up, baby cream, lipstick, cosmetics |
| E902 | Candelilla Wax | N/A | Glazing agent, Emollient | Halaal | from candelilla plants | Health Code: Green, safe in food use but needs further testing | Coating for foods, chewing gum | Lipstick, writing inks, cosmetics |
| E903 | Carnuaba Wax | N/A | Glazing agent, Texturiser | Halaal | from leaves of Brazillian wax palm | Health Code: Green, Rarely causes allergic reactions, contact dermatitis, gastric irritation | Confectionery, waxed fruit, fruit juice, sauces | Cosmetics, lipstick, mascara, varnishes |
| E905 | Mineral Hydrocarbons | N/A | Glazing agent | Halaal | petroleum distillate | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Cake decorations | Tablet coatings, laminating paper and foils |
| E905a | Mineral Oil | Liquid paraffin; Liquid Petrolatum; paraffin oil; Nujol | Halaal | from petroleum | ||||
| E906 | Gum Benzoic | Gum Benzoin; gum benzoe | Halaal | from Sytroc tree | ||||
| E907 | Refined Microcrystalline Wax | N/A | Halaal | petroleum | ||||
| E908 | Rice Bran Wax | N/A | Halaal | rice | ||||
| E912 | Montanic acid esters | Montan Wax; lignite wax | Surface coating | Halaal | from lignite. Bleaching of Montan wax (palm fossil) | Health Code: Yellow, Insufficient information to assess | Protective layer on fruit skins, coating on foods | |
| E913 | Lanolin | Sheep wool grease; wool fat; oesipos; agnin; alapurin | Halaal | sheep secretion found on wool | ||||
| E914 | Oxidised Polyethylene Wax | N/A | Humectant | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Yellow, Carcinogenic?, kidney and liver damage | Used as a protective coating on fruits and vegetables | |
| E922 | Potassium Persulphate | potassium persulfate; Anthion | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E923 | Ammonium Persulphate | ammonium persulfate; ammonium peroxydisufate | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E924 | Potassium Bromate | N/A | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E925 | Chlorine | N/A | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E926 | Chlorine Dioxide | Chlorine peroxide | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E927 | Azodicabonamide | Azoforamide; Azo dicarboxillic acid; Azo bisformamide | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E927b | Carbamide | Urea; carbonyldiamide | Browning agent, Deodoriser | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, skin irritation, allergic reactions, headache | Baked goods, chewing gum, pretzels | Roll on deodorant, shampoo, mouthwash, hair colouring |
| E928 | Benzoyl Peroxide | dibenzyl peroxide; benzoyl superoxide | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E930 | Calcium Peroxide | calcium dioxide | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E938 | Argon | N/A | Packaging gas | Halaal | Air | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Packaging of foods | Welding |
| E939 | Helium | N/A | Packaging gas, Propellant | Halaal | Natural gas | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Arc welding, inflating balloons | |
| E940 | Dichlorodifluoromethane | difluorodichloromethane; Freon 12; Frigen 12; Halon | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E941 | Nitrogen | N/A | Propellant, Packing gas | Halaal | Air | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Freezing and vacuum packing of foods | Preservative in cosmetics |
| E942 | Nitrous Oxide | Dinitrogen monoxide; laughing gas; hyponitrous acid anhydride; factitious air | Propellant | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Flour (bleeched), food aerosols | Whipped cosmetic cream |
| E943a | Butane | n-butane | Colouring | Halaal | petroleum | Health Code: Yellow, Animal carcinogen, CNS depression, on NIH hazards list, neurotoxicity | Refrigerant | Aerosol cosmetics |
| E943b | Isobutane | 2-methyl propane; methyl propane | Propellant | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Yellow, See Butane | Spray-on pan coatings | Cosmetic spray, refrigeration |
| E944 | Propane | Dimethylmethane; propyl hydride | Propellant, Aerator | Halaal | petroleum | Health Code: Yellow, May be narcotic in high concentrations, neurotoxicity, being reassessed for safety | Foamed and sprayed foods | Cosmetics in aerosols |
| E948 | Oxygen | N/A | Packaging gas | Halaal | Air | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Manufacture of cider | |
| E949 | Hydrogen | Protium | Packaging gas | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Hydrogenation of oils like soybean, corn and cottonseed | Production of sorbitol used in cosmetics |
| E950 | Acesulfame K | Acetosulfam K. | Artifificial Sweetener, Flavour Enhancer | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Red, Caused lung tumours, breast tumours, leukaemia, respiratory disease and cancer in animals | Artificial sweetener, low calorie foods, low joule chewing gum | Oral care products |
| E951 | Aspartame | APM; SC 18862; Canderel; Equal; NutraSweet; Sanecta; Tri-Sweet | Artifificial Sweetener, Flavour Enhancer | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Red++, headache, depression, anxiety, asthma, fatigue, hyperactivity, MS like symptoms, blindness, aggression, migraine, insomnia, dizziness, irritability, epilepsy, memory loss, seizures - more than 92 in all, NRC, not recommended for women durin pregnancy | Artificial sweeteners, low calorie foods, diet drinks, chewing gum, softdrinks, instant coffee and may be added to anything which is sugar free or without added sugar. | Medications, including those for children |
| E952(i) | Cylamic Acid | Cyclohexylsulfamic acid; cyclohexanesulfamic acid; hexamic acid. | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E952(iii) | Calcium Cyclamate | Cyclamic acid calcium salt; Cyclan; Sucaryl calcium | Halaal | synthetic chemical | ||||
| E953 | Isomalt | Palatinin; hydrogenated isomaltulose | Artificial Sweetener, Thickener | Halaal | synthetically from sucrose | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, gastric irritation | Ice cream, jams, baked goods | Cosmetics |
| E954 | Saccharin and its Salts | Benzosulphamide; o-sulphobenzimide; o-suphobenzoic acid imide; Glucide; Glucid; Saccharin sodium; Saccharin potassium; Saccharin calcium. | Artificial Sweetener | Halaal | synthetic chemical | Health Code: Red, Hives, pruritis, NRC, eczema, nausea, diarrhoea, diuresis, headache, mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic | Diet soft drinks, sugar substitute | Chewable aspirin, pharmaceutical preparations |
| E955 | Sucralose | N/A | Artificial Sweetener | Halaal | chlorinated sucrose derivative | Health Code: Yellow, Thymus shrinkage, kidney and liver enlargement in animal studies | Confectionery, fruit spreads, desserts, baked goods | |
| E957 | Thaumatin | Talin | Flavour enhancer, Sweetener | Halaal | fruit extract of Benth tree | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Chewing gum, Japanese seasonings? | |
| E959 | Neohesperidine DihydroChalcone | Neohesperidine DC | Sweetener, Flavour enhancer | Halaal | Synthetically from naringen (from grapefruit). | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Cheese, chewing gum, snack foods, instant coffee | Specialty beers |
| E962 | Salt of Aspartame-Acesulfame | N/A | Artificial Sweetener | Halaal | from aspartame & acesulfame | Health Code: Red, See Aspartame [E951] and Acesulfame K [E950] | Instant pudding mix, dairy shake mixes, chewing gum, chocolate | |
| E965(i) | Maltitol | Hydrogenated maltose; D-maltitol | Halaal | from maltose & glucose | ||||
| E965(ii) | Maltitol Syrup | HGS; hydrogenated glucose syrup; Lycasin | Halaal | from glucose & maltose | ||||
| E966 | Lactitol | Lactositol; lactit; lactobiosit | Artificial Sweetener, Texturiser | Halaal | lactose derivative | Health Code: Green, safe in food use | Baked goods, chewing gum | |
| E967 | Xylitol | D-xylitol; Xyliton; xylite | Humectant, Stabiliser | Halaal | sythetic from xylose or xylan from plants | Health Code: Green, safe in food use at low levels, reported to have beneficial effects on health, large doses cause diarhhoea and flatulence, has caused tumours in rats | Ice cream, chocolate, jams, confectionery, chewing gum, toffee, mints | Toothpaste |
| E968 | Erythritol | Erythrol; erythrite; meso-erythritol; erytroglucin; phycite | Halaal | from algae, lichens, & grasses | ||||
| E999 | Quillaia Extract | Quillaja | Foaming agent, Flavouring | Halaal | bark extract of Quillaja tree | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, gastrointestinal irritation, large doses can cause liver damage, respiratory failure, convulsions and coma | Soft drinks, ice cream, sweets | |
| E904 | Shellac | N/A | Glazing agent | Halaal | resin of lac insect | Health Code: Green, safe in food use, allergic contact dermatitis, skin irritation | Tablet sealer; Varnish or glazing; Sweets, waxed fruit | Cosmetics, hair lacquer, tablets, mascara, jewellery |
| Code | Name | Alternative Name | Function | Status | Source | Health Info | Uses | Other Uses |